626 research outputs found
Predictors of admission and readmission to hospital for major depression: A community cohort study of 52,990 individuals.
Background
Our current knowledge about predictors of admission and re-admission to hospital as a result of major depressive disorder (MDD) is limited. Here we present a descriptive analysis of factors which are associated with MDD hospitalisations within a large population cohort.
Methods
We linked participants of the Scottish Health Survey (SHS) to historical and prospective hospital admission data. We combined information from the SHS baseline interview and historical hospitalisations to define a range of exposure variables. The main outcomes of interest were: (1) first time admission for MDD occurring after the SHS interview; and (2) readmission for MDD. We used Cox regression to determine the association between each predictor and each outcome, after adjusting for age, gender and deprivation quintile.
Results
52,990 adult SHS participants were included. During a median follow-up of 4.5 years per participant, we observed 530 first-time admissions for MDD. A relatively wide range of factors â encompassing social, individual health status, and lifestyle-related exposures â were associated with this outcome (p<0.05). Among the 530 participants exhibiting a de novo admission for MDD during follow-up, 118 were later re-admitted. Only older age (over 70) and a prior non-depression related psychiatric admission were associated with readmission for MDD.
Limtations
MDD was defined using records of International Classification of Disease hospital discharge codes rather than formal diagnostic assessments.
Conclusion
These findings have implications for mental health service organisation and delivery and should stimulate future research on predictive factors for admission and readmission in MDD.</p
Comparison of blinkers and explosive events:A case study
Blinkers are brightenings at network cell junctions that are traditionally
identified with SOHO/CDS and explosive events or high velocity events are identified
in high resolution UV spectra obtained from HRTS and SOHO/SUMER. Criteria are
determined to facilitate objective automatic identification of both blinkers
and explosive events in both SOHO/CDS and SOHO/SUMER data. Blinkers are
identified in SUMER data, if the temporal resolution of the data is reduced
to that of CDS. Otherwise short lived, localised intensity enhancements that
make up the blinker are identified. Explosive events are identified in CDS
data when the line width is significantly increased, and occasionally if there
is an enhancement in the wing of the line profile. A theoretical statistical
model is presented which hypothesises that blinkers and explosive events are
random and not connected in any way. The results given in this paper suggest
that this hypothesis can not be rejected and our probability interpretation of
the recent results of BrkoviÄ & Peter (2004, A&A, 422, 709) are inconclusive
Forward Modelling of a Brightening Observed by AIA
A comprehensive understanding of the different transient events is necessary for any eventual solution of the coronal heating problem. We present a cold loop whose heating caused a short-lived small-scale brightening that was observed by AIA. The loop was simulated using an adaptive hydrodynamic radiation code that considers the ions to be in a state of non-equilibrium. Forward modelling was used to create synthetic AIA intensity plots, which were tested against the observational data to confirm the simulated properties of the event. The hydrodynamic properties of the loop were determined. We found that the energy released by the heating event is within the canonical energy range of a nanoflare
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Are vaccine passports and covid passes a valid alternative to lockdown?
As countries reopen while the pandemic continues, âpassportsâ indicating a personâs covid or vaccination status are the only obvious way to leave lockdowns behind, say Kirsty Innes and Daniel Sleat. But the risks are bigâand if we start down that road we may struggle to go back, argues Imogen Parke
Normalisation et domestication de la dĂ©sinformation numĂ©rique : les opĂ©rations informationnelles dâinterfĂ©rence et dâinfluence de lâextrĂȘme droite et de lâĂtat russe en Europe
The normalisation and domestication of digital disinformation : far right and Russian State information, interference and influence operations in Europe
This article contends that there has been a process of normalizing and domesticating the use of digital misinformation and disinformation in the conduct of political campaigning in Europe. Specifically, the analysis traces the influence of innovations associated with the digital influence engineering techniques pioneered by far-right groups and agencies linked to the Kremlin. Marshalling a range of conceptual and empirical resources, the discussion shows how there are areas of alignment and differentiation in the agendas and interests of these two groups
Background complexity can mitigate poor camouflage
Avoiding detection through camouflage is often key to survival. However, an animal's appearance is not the only factor affecting conspicuousness: background complexity also alters detectability. This has been experimentally demonstrated for both artificially patterned backgrounds in the lab and natural backgrounds in the wild, but only for targets that already match the background well. Do habitats of high visual complexity provide concealment to even relatively poorly-camouflaged animals? Using artificial prey which differed in their degrees of background matching to tree bark, we were able to determine their survival, under bird predation, with respect to the natural complexity of the background. The latter was quantified using low-level vision metrics of feature congestion (or 'visual clutter') adapted for bird vision. Higher background orientation clutter (edges with varying orientation) reduced the detectability of all but the poorest background-matching camouflaged treatments; higher background luminance clutter (varying achromatic lightness) reduced average mortality for all treatments. Our results suggest that poorer camouflage can be mitigated by more complex backgrounds, with implications for both camouflage evolution and habitat preferences.Data file is: Rowe_at_al_data.txt
Format: tab-delimited text
Created: 24/03/2021
Description of variables (columns)
Block "Experimental block (different part of study site on different dates): factor with 27 levels, 1 to 27."
Treatment "Experimental treatment (varied average luminance): factor with 9 levels (1 = darkest, 9 = lightest)."
Replicate "Replicate number, factor with 10 levels, nested within Block and Treatment."
Censored "Binary code: 1 = bird predation, 0 = disappearance for any other reason (e.g. invertebrate predation) or survival to the end of the trial."
Day "Day of disappearance: numeric, taking values 0 to 5. 0 indicates the replicate was lost before deployment (n=3)."
Notes Plain text description of fate of target.
contrast.fc Luminance contrast metric of feature congestion.
colour.fc Colour contrast metric of feature congestion.
orientation.fc Edge orientation metric of feature congestion.
Funding provided by: Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council, UKCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268Award Number: BB/S00873X/
ARTEMIS: A complete mission architecture to bridge the gap between humanity and near-Earth asteroids
Asteroid retrieval missions have recently attracted increasing interest from the community and could
provide opportunities for scienti c exploration, resource utilisation and even the development of planetary
defence strategies. This paper was developed as a result of a 6-month MSc group project, realised
by a total of 14 students at Cran eld University pursuing the Astronautics & Space Engineering degree.
An overall system design is proposed for a technology demonstrator mission to move a near-Earth asteroid
into an easily-accessible location where it could be further explored by future missions. The target
nal orbit is a southern halo orbit around the Lagrange point (L2) on the Sun-Earth system. ARTEMIS
(Asteroid Retrieval Technology Mission) abides by ESAs constraints for a Large (L) mission call: realised
in only one launch with Ariane 64, an operational duration of less than 15 years and a cost at completion
of at most e1100M.
The proposed mission combines the design of optimal trajectories, employs advanced solar electric
propulsion and introduces a be tting level of spacecraft autonomy. The target is the 2006 RH120 asteroid,
with an approximate diameter of 6.5 m and mass of roughly 350 tons. To re ne existing data, the
ARROW CubeSat mission (Asteroid Reconnaissance to Research Object Worthiness) is to be launched
a year prior to the main mission to probe the asteroid via a y-by. ARROW will provide valuable
information, such as the asteroids spin rate, rotational axis and better mass estimate, increasing the
overall chance of mission success. The main mission will then capture and secure the asteroid using a
mechanism of arm-like booms with xenon- lled VectranTM bags. To allow for proper adaptability to the
objects shape and mass distribution, as well as preserve the asteroid unaltered, the mechanism is fully
contained in fabric that encapsulates the asteroid.
The paper concludes that such a mission is conditionally feasible, and summarises the design process
resulting in the nal overall mission baseline design. It also examines the practicality of the suggested
design for future missions such as space debris removal or its ability to retrieve celestial bodies with
variable mass and shape. Proper adaptation of the design could allow for retrieval of similar size or
smaller objects. The future implementation of this mission may further the understanding of the origin
of the solar system and act as a catalyst to a new celestial body exploitation industry
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